Chapter+3

= CHAPTER 3 = = = old town but recently has been growing and becoming more modern with some locally owned business with very few franchises subdivisions, with more fast-food and franchises with more traffic becoming a huge city that is starting to represent California
 * Behind the Counter **
 * Colorado Springs is a booming town in the mountains; started out as a small
 * “Downtown Colorado Springs still has an old-fashioned, independent spirit”
 * Outside of downtown Colorado Springs becomes more modern with modern housing,


 * Space Mountain: **
 * Thousands of Californians have moved to Colorado Springs, making it one of the fastest growing cities in the nation; doubled since 1970 with half a million people living there
 * Colorado Springs became dependent on military spending with the opening of Camp Carson, Peterson Army Air Base, North American Aerospace Command, and new Air Force Academy making military personal outnumber residents
 * The city has become the center for American space interests
 * With the new military operations came major business and franchises
 * With all the new residents and businesses came many different ideas as Colorado Springs became the headquarters for 60 religious organizations, the city became mainly republican with very few registered Democrats
 * Many of the residents dislike the new Californians and claim that Colorado Springs is “being Califorincated” and spending less and less money on education
 * The city has grown to have 21 McDonald’s with many other franchises making the city more modern than ever
 * “The McDonald’s Corporation has used Colorado Springs as a test site for other types of restaurant technology, for software and machines designed to cut labor costs and serve fast food even faster” (66).


 * Throughput: **
 * Elisa Zamot is a 16 year old girl who works at McDonald’s and opens up on every Saturday; she is the perfect example as to why they higher teens and young people because they are willing to work for low wages for long shifts that start early or end late and there is always a steady supply of workers
 * The McDonald’s Manual has strict instructions on how to do everything from cutting fries to greeting customers, and doesn’t not give much room for worker skills improvement
 * Many McDonald’s workers do not speak English but speak “McDonald’s English” and only learn basic skills such as showing up on time making employees easily replaceable


 * Stoking: **
 * Franchises strive to use kitchen equipment that requires less training for workers, and faster production; they also try to avoid unions as much as possible
 * Earned subsidies for “training” their workers from the government and have allies in Congress making it nearly impossible to end the granting of subsidies
 * Employees are some of lowest paid workers in the country that are young, unskilled, and have an extremely high turnover rate, not given overtime hours and if they are they are often not paid for it, receive no benefits, and worked only when needed
 * Managers are paid higher salaries and are free to hire, fire, and schedule workers; they are instructed to “stoke” workers instead of fixing their concerns; encourage them to do better and focus on being a good employee and team worker instead of receiving a raise; managers rewarded for keeping labor costs low, and rewarding employees with food, or waiting to start their shifts until the restaurant became busy, or cleaning on their own time—many being minors or immigrants
 * Franchises settled lawsuits with employees outside of the court system and paying workers so they would drop the lawsuits and the companies would not suffer any consequences from the court systems

Schlosser mainly uses ethos in this section. It is evident that he has done is research, and has interviewed many employees in the writing of his book. The individual stories of the employees add pathos to the book and allow the reader to fully understand what these individuals endure while at work.


 * Detecting Lies**

-The most valuable trait in fast food workers is obedience.

-Fast food chains fight against unions.

-Everything is regulated (including pickle size) except for wages.

-If management at McDonald’s feels that union activity might be present, a team of managers and corporate executives is called to quell the union.

-In some cases, polygraph tests were used on employees

-When the first union was legally formed at a McDonald’s near Montreal, the owners shut the restaurant down.

-Workers are taught to fear the union, because joining may cost them their job.


 * Protecting Youth**

-Fast food restaurants attract many young and unskilled workers- specifically teenagers.

-Fast food franchisees have no control over their fixed costs, but they are able to control wages, and trying to keep them as low as possible.

- Long hours working (specifically at fast food restaurants) hinder teenagers’ education and outlook on life.

-Children in low-income areas may dream of working at McDonald’s from a young age.

-The Fair Labor Standards Act prohibits prohibits workers under the age of fifteen from working more than three hours on a school day.

-Colorado state law prohibits work days longer than 8 hours for workers under 18.

-These laws are disregarded by the restaurants. Many teens work more than 10 hours a day.


 * Inside Jobs**

-Injury rate of teenage workers is twice as high as adult workers in the U.S.

-Each year about 200,000 teens are injured on the job.

-About four or five fast food workers are murdered on the job every month- usually in the course of robbery.

-In 1998, more restaurant workers were killed on the job than police officers.

-OSHA tried to pass guidelines to keep workers safer from crime, but the National Restaurant Association opposed.

-The average fast food employee steals about $218 dollars each year from their company.


 * Making it Fun**

-The people who attend the Annual Multi-Unit Foodserver Operators Conference are all high-end executives who have no idea what really goes on in fast food restaurants.

-The keynote speaker emphasized making work “fun”, including giving prizes like plastic chickens to employees who work hard.

-The idea of raising minimum wage is frowned upon.

Logos and ethos are the most evident devices in this section of the book. Schlosser relies heavily on facts and statistics to back his arguments Success -The chapter begins with a feature on an employee of Little Caesars Pizzas, Matthew Kabong - He is a delivery man saving to own his own Radio Shack, earning minimum wage. - Delivers frequently inPueblo, a run down area nearColorado Springs(an up and coming area) - The other hard workers of little Caesars work to support children or pay off loans, motivated by necessity. -The owner, Dave Feamster, is a formerNHLplayer who retired after injury and spent his last his last dollars on purchasing a franchise of Little Caesars for $15,000. Devotion to a new faith -Franchising is similar to owning your own business but being highly accountable to someone else. -The franchisee has the benefit of a known name and product. -The franchisor gains expansion without the risk of lost capital. -Franchising began in 1898 in General Motors. -McDonalds made franchising popular with their low franchising fee. -Requires devotion from his franchisees and made them rich because of it. -McDonalds leased the properties to their franchisees with at least a 40% mark up. -McDonalds success led to a ride in fast food restaurants and franchising Free Enterprise with Federal Loans - Today it costs about 500,000 to open a Mc Donald’s franchise. - An IFA survey claims that 92% of franchises say they are successful. The only groups surveyed were franchises still in business. - 38.1 % of new franchises fail - 31.9% of new independent businesses fail - In 1978 Congress passed a bill requiring chains to provide lengthy disclosure statements, listing their rules. - Does not specify on regulation after signing, so franchisors can still open businesses next to each other, running one out of business, commonly called encroachment. - Contracts may require franchisee to waive legal rights to file complaints or buy from only one supplier (regardless of price) - Must also accept termination of the contract by the chain for any cause, sometimes at a loss of the entire investment. - In the 1990s Subway was involved in more legal disputes than Burger King, KFC, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Wendy’s combined. - Subways “Development Agents” get paid to open new chains in their district. Their salary comes from the franchising fee and is dependent on how many Subways they open. - Agents are sometimes forced to pay the difference if they don’t meet their quota. - Subways annual royalty it takes from its franchises is the highest, 8%. - The IFA opposes any government interference with the free market system, such as a “good faith code” but supports programs that give government loans to fast food chains. - The Small Business association pledges most of its money to chains, which generally run small businesses out of business. The World beyond Pueblo -When Dave Feamster opened his Little Caesars, he was 200,000 in debt because he didn’t have all of the money for the purchase or construction of his restaurant. -Feamster takes an interest in the Pueblo community, giving speeches, donations and sometimes helping pay for the education of his employees. -Little Caesars has been losing shares in the market since 1992 and Papa Johns has moved in to the area. -Feamster bought his employees tickets to a success seminar by the “Peter Lowe International, the Success Authority.” -Many famous speakers make $30,000-$60,000 per speech. -Christopher Reeve donates his speaking fees to conduct spinal cord research and on his success remarks, “I’ve seen people who achieve these conventional goals,”…”None of it matters.” (107) - This chapter uses __logos__ with facts and __pathos__ with personal stories to sway the reader. The authors __ethos__ is established with the facts. - The __anecdote__ of Feamster serves to reveal personal stuggles behind corporations. -__Diactic__- the entire work is an example of diactic. It aims too reveal the inner workings of the fast food industry. -The work consistently uses __concrete language__ with facts and stories to inspire negative feelings about the fast food industry
 * Rhetoric**